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Sandra Chapman
Department of Physics, University of Warwick
Universal fluctuations- extremal statistics in
turbulence, models for critical phenomena, and football scores
Thursday 3rd August 15-16pm,
Carslaw Building Room 373.
This talk is part of the ARC Complex Open Systems Research Network Distinguished Visitor Program. COSNet is funding this event.
Scaling is an important feature of natural phenomena, arising in many
degree of freedom systems that are highly correlated. These systems
include a disparate range of phenomena and somewhat surprisingly they
show a common signature in the statistics of fluctuations in a global
measure of activity. This probability distribution function (PDF) has
been compared numerically for a range of models including for out of
equilibrium critical phenomena, notably a sandpile, a forest fire
model, a depinning model and a stacking model for granular media.
After normalization to the first two moments these PDF were found to
collapse onto that in models for equilibrium critical phenomena.
Curve collapse has also been demonstrated between the latter and a
global measure of power dissipated in a closed turbulence experiment.
We derive the functional form of this PDF explicitly from the
assumption of scaling in a generic finite sized system. A single
parameter that depends upon the details of the system specifies this
curve. This may offer a direct insight into the origin of
characteristic features of sandpiles and other complex systems, and
offer a first step in generalizing the central limit theorem for
correlated systems. This also opens up the possibility of using
extremal statisitics to probe natural systems where a global
observable is available, and we consider two examples, the highly
intermittent X- ray flux from accretion disks, and the final scores
from league football games.
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