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Alexander B. Rabinovich
Russian Academy of Sciences, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia
The Sumatra tsunami of December 26, 2004:
Observations and analysis of tide gauge data from the World Ocean
Wednesday 10th May 14:05-14:55pm,
Carslaw Building Room 373.
At 07:59 Local Time (00:59 UTC) on December 26, 2004, a Mw = 9.3
megathrust earthquake occurred along 1300 km of the oceanic subduction
zone 100 km west of Sumatra and the Andaman Islands in the eastern
part of the Indian Ocean. The earthquake generated highly destructive
tsunami waves that strongly impacted the coastal regions of the Indian
Ocean, killing more than 226,000 people. Because of international
tourism, many countries far removed from the major disaster areas lost
citizens, triggering the largest international aid and relief effort
in history. The waves from this event were recorded within most of the
world's oceans and represent one of few documented global-scale
tsunamis, in which waves generated in one ocean propagate into
adjoining oceans. The tsunami was the first to occur during the
"instrumental era" and was recorded by a large number of tide gauges
throughout the World Ocean, including tide gauges in the North Pacific
and North Atlantic. It was also clearly recorded by a number of
instruments along the west, south and east coasts of Australia. Global
tsunami propagation models have demonstrated that mid-ocean ridges
served as wave-guides, efficiently transmitting the tsunami energy
from the source area to far-field regions of the Pacific and Atlantic
coasts of North America. The 2004 Sumatra tsunami is now recognized as
the most globally distributed and accurately measured tsunami in
recorded history. Approximately 200 digital records of this tsunami
are available and months after the event, tsunami measurements are
still being collected and archived. The main purpose of this
presentation is to review the records found for the 2004 Sumatra
tsunami and to present some basic statistical characteristics of these
records for three major regions:(1) the Indian Ocean; (2) the Atlantic
Ocean; and (3) the Pacific Ocean. The study also compares tsunami wave
characteristics in the near-field (Indian Ocean) with those in the
far-field (Atlantic and Pacific) regions, provides estimates of the
relative influence of the source and topography on these waves, and
reconstructs the spectral properties of the source zone.
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